2011年《重金属污(wu)染(ran)(ran)综(zong)合防(fang)治“十二(er)五”规(gui)划》指出，仅依靠末端治理(li)这种单一(yi)方式无法(fa)从根本上解决重金属污(wu)染(ran)(ran)问题。应注重“预防(fang)为主(zhu)、防(fang)治源(yuan)头(tou)(tou)、重视过程、末端治理(li)”的(de)综(zong)合防(fang)控理(li)念，对导致长(zhang)三角地区农用地土壤重金属污(wu)染(ran)(ran)的(de)源(yuan)头(tou)(tou)实施强化(hua)控制(zhi)，这也是(shi)减少土壤修复投入(ru)的前提。
 

1.严控工业“三废”源头污染
 
长三(san)角地(di)(di)区工(gong)业(ye)(ye)生产中(zhong)的(de)“三(san)废”排放是农用(yong)地(di)(di)土(tu)壤中(zhong)重(zhong)金属的(de)主要(yao)污(wu)染来源(yuan)。2018年(nian)《关(guan)于打赢蓝天保(bao)卫战三(san)年(nian)行(xing)动计划的(de)通知(zhi)》发布(bu)后，三(san)省(sheng)一市(shi)分(fen)别(bie)提出(chu)了“加快城市(shi)建成(cheng)(cheng)区重(zhong)污(wu)染企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)搬迁改造或(huo)关(guan)闭退(tui)出(chu)实施(shi)方(fang)案”，要(yao)求市(shi)、县(xian)行(xing)政区范围内实际建成(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)正在建设、相(xiang)对(dui)集中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)地(di)(di)区，对(dui)水泥、平板(ban)玻璃、化工(gong)、焦化、钢铁5个行(xing)业(ye)(ye)领域重(zhong)污(wu)染企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)进行(xing)搬迁改造或(huo)关(guan)闭退(tui)出(chu)。
 
①加快推进废(fei)气、废(fei)水净(jing)化处(chu)理新(xin)工(gong)艺(yi)以及(ji)固体废(fei)弃(qi)物回收再(zai)利(li)用(yong)新(xin)工(gong)艺(yi)的开发与推广应用(yong)，减控(kong)工(gong)业“三废(fei)”排放的数量和浓度(du)。
 
②加强工业“三(san)(san)废”污染排放(fang)(fang)管控，督促(cu)各工业企业严格执行(xing)污染排放(fang)(fang)国家标准，杜绝工业“三(san)(san)废”超标排放(fang)(fang)现象；及时完善(shan)相关行(xing)业污染物(wu)排放(fang)(fang)标准和污染防(fang)治技(ji)术规范，为工业“三(san)(san)废”排放(fang)(fang)监管提供(gong)重要(yao)依据。
 
③鼓励(li)发展清(qing)(qing)洁能源(yuan)，开发环保(bao)型(xing)原材(cai)料，制定(ding)涉重金属重点工(gong)业行业清(qing)(qing)洁生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)技(ji)术推行方案，推进(jin)工(gong)业企业对清(qing)(qing)洁能源(yuan)、环保(bao)型(xing)原材(cai)料、清(qing)(qing)洁生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)技(ji)术、先进(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)工(gong)艺和设备的(de)使用(yong)；全面(mian)整治尾矿、煤(mei)矸石、冶炼渣(zha)等(deng)固体废(fei)物(wu)的(de)堆放场(chang)所，加(jia)强电(dian)子废(fei)物(wu)、废(fei)轮(lun)胎等(deng)工(gong)业废(fei)物(wu)的(de)处理处置。
 
2.严控(kong)交通运输源(yuan)头污染
 
①鼓励开展车(che)(che)用(yong)涂料、防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐材(cai)料、制动器、轮(lun)胎固化(hua)剂(ji)和促进(jin)剂(ji)等无污(wu)染(ran)(ran)新型材(cai)料的(de)研发与应用(yong)推广，实现汽车(che)(che)制造过程中含重金属(shu)(shu)原材(cai)料的(de)减量使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，降(jiang)低汽车(che)(che)行驶过程中刹(cha)车(che)(che)磨损、轮(lun)胎老(lao)化(hua)磨损带来的(de)重金属(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)强(qiang)度。②加快(kuai)升(sheng)级(ji)(ji)燃(ran)油品(pin)质，推广使(shi)(shi)用(yong)无铅汽油等清(qing)洁(jie)燃(ran)料；升(sheng)级(ji)(ji)汽车(che)(che)尾气(qi)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物排(pai)放(fang)标准，逐步(bu)开展汽车(che)(che)尾气(qi)净(jing)(jing)化(hua)装置(zhi)的(de)强(qiang)制安装，降(jiang)低汽车(che)(che)燃(ran)油与尾气(qi)排(pai)放(fang)带来的(de)农用(yong)地土壤重金属(shu)(shu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)风险。③研发汽车(che)(che)尾气(qi)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治配套设施，提高(gao)汽车(che)(che)尾气(qi)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物的(de)过滤、净(jing)(jing)化(hua)和防(fang)(fang)(fang)治能力。
 
3.严控化肥、农(nong)药、农(nong)膜等农(nong)业源(yuan)头污染
 
农(nong)(nong)业生(sheng)产(chan)应合(he)理安排(pai)农(nong)(nong)药(yao)化肥(fei)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)时间(jian)和(he)(he)次数，提高(gao)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率、减少使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量；妥善处(chu)理好农(nong)(nong)药(yao)化肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)废(fei)弃(qi)包装物，推(tui)广使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)效(xiao)、低(di)毒、低(di)残留(liu)农(nong)(nong)药(yao)和(he)(he)生(sheng)态有(you)机肥(fei)。加强植(zhi)物病虫害预警(jing)系统防治体(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)研发和(he)(he)应用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，推(tui)广测土(tu)配(pei)方施(shi)肥(fei)技术和(he)(he)缓控释肥(fei)技术，做到农(nong)(nong)业施(shi)肥(fei)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)药(yao)有(you)据可依。严格规(gui)范含重金属兽药(yao)、饲料添(tian)加剂的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，减少畜禽粪便施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)带(dai)来的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地土(tu)壤重金属污染。鼓励农(nong)(nong)业生(sheng)产(chan)者提高(gao)科学施(shi)肥(fei)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)药(yao)和(he)(he)环保的(de)(de)(de)意识(shi)，规(gui)模化开展化肥(fei)农(nong)(nong)药(yao)科学使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技术培训。
 
在农(nong)膜(mo)(mo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方面(mian)，提高(gao)农(nong)业生产者对(dui)废旧农(nong)膜(mo)(mo)污(wu)染(ran)长远性和严重性的认(ren)识(shi)，提高(gao)废旧农(nong)膜(mo)(mo)回(hui)收(shou)意识(shi)和主动性。推广适期揭(jie)膜(mo)(mo)技(ji)术，运(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)农(nong)作(zuo)物倒茬轮(lun)作(zuo)制度，减少农(nong)膜(mo)(mo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、提高(gao)农(nong)膜(mo)(mo)回(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率。支持无污(wu)染(ran)可(ke)降解绿(lv)色生物地(di)膜(mo)(mo)的研发和推广使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，实行不可(ke)降解农(nong)膜(mo)(mo)的减量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，逐(zhu)步消除农(nong)膜(mo)(mo)残留带来的农用地土壤重金属污染。