2011年《重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)污染綜(zong)合防(fang)治(zhi)“十二五”規(gui)劃》指出，僅(jin)依靠末端(duan)治(zhi)理(li)這(zhe)種單一方式無法從根本上解決重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)污染問題。應(ying)注重(zhong)“預防(fang)為主(zhu)、防(fang)治(zhi)源頭(tou)、重(zhong)視過程、末端(duan)治(zhi)理(li)”的(de)綜(zong)合防(fang)控理(li)念，對導(dao)致長三角地區農用地土壤重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)污染的(de)源頭(tou)實施強化控制，這(zhe)也是減少土壤修復投入的前提。
 

1.嚴控工業“三(san)廢(fei)”源頭(tou)污染
 
長三(san)角(jiao)地(di)(di)區(qu)工業(ye)(ye)生產中的“三(san)廢(fei)”排放是(shi)農用(yong)地(di)(di)土壤(rang)中重(zhong)金屬的主要(yao)污染(ran)來源。2018年《關(guan)于打贏藍天(tian)保衛戰(zhan)三(san)年行(xing)動計(ji)劃的通(tong)知》發布后(hou)，三(san)省一市(shi)分別提出(chu)了“加快城市(shi)建成區(qu)重(zhong)污染(ran)企業(ye)(ye)搬遷改造(zao)或(huo)關(guan)閉(bi)退出(chu)實施方案”，要(yao)求市(shi)、縣行(xing)政區(qu)范(fan)圍(wei)內實際建成或(huo)正(zheng)在建設、相對集中分布的地(di)(di)區(qu)，對水泥、平(ping)板(ban)玻璃、化工、焦(jiao)化、鋼鐵5個行(xing)業(ye)(ye)領域重(zhong)污染(ran)企業(ye)(ye)進行(xing)搬遷改造(zao)或(huo)關(guan)閉(bi)退出(chu)。
 
①加快推(tui)進廢(fei)(fei)氣、廢(fei)(fei)水凈化處理新(xin)工(gong)藝以及(ji)固(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)棄物回收再利用新(xin)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)開發(fa)與推(tui)廣應(ying)用，減控工(gong)業“三廢(fei)(fei)”排(pai)放的(de)(de)數量和濃度。
 
②加(jia)強工(gong)業“三廢(fei)”污(wu)(wu)(wu)染排放(fang)(fang)(fang)管控，督促各工(gong)業企業嚴(yan)格執行(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染排放(fang)(fang)(fang)國(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，杜(du)絕工(gong)業“三廢(fei)”超標(biao)排放(fang)(fang)(fang)現(xian)象(xiang)；及時完善相關行(xing)業污(wu)(wu)(wu)染物排放(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和污(wu)(wu)(wu)染防治技術(shu)規(gui)范，為工(gong)業“三廢(fei)”排放(fang)(fang)(fang)監管提(ti)供(gong)重要(yao)依據。
 
③鼓勵發展清潔能(neng)源，開發環保型原材料，制定涉重(zhong)金屬重(zhong)點工(gong)業(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)清潔生產(chan)技(ji)術推行方案，推進工(gong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)對清潔能(neng)源、環保型原材料、清潔生產(chan)技(ji)術、先進生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)和設備的使用；全面整治尾礦、煤(mei)矸石、冶煉(lian)渣等固體廢(fei)物的堆放場所，加強電(dian)子廢(fei)物、廢(fei)輪胎等工(gong)業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)物的處(chu)理(li)處(chu)置。
 
2.嚴控交通運(yun)輸源(yuan)頭污(wu)染
 
①鼓勵開展車(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、防腐(fu)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)、制(zhi)動器、輪胎固(gu)化(hua)劑和促進劑等無污染(ran)新型材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)研發(fa)與應用(yong)(yong)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)，實現汽車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)造過程中(zhong)含重金(jin)屬原材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)減量使用(yong)(yong)，降低(di)汽車(che)(che)(che)行(xing)駛(shi)過程中(zhong)剎車(che)(che)(che)磨(mo)損、輪胎老化(hua)磨(mo)損帶來(lai)的(de)重金(jin)屬污染(ran)強(qiang)度。②加快升級燃油(you)品質(zhi)，推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)使用(yong)(yong)無鉛汽油(you)等清潔燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)；升級汽車(che)(che)(che)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)氣(qi)污染(ran)物(wu)排放標準(zhun)，逐步開展汽車(che)(che)(che)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)氣(qi)凈(jing)化(hua)裝置(zhi)的(de)強(qiang)制(zhi)安裝，降低(di)汽車(che)(che)(che)燃油(you)與尾(wei)(wei)(wei)氣(qi)排放帶來(lai)的(de)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)地土壤(rang)重金(jin)屬污染(ran)風險。③研發(fa)汽車(che)(che)(che)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)氣(qi)污染(ran)防治配(pei)套設施，提高汽車(che)(che)(che)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)氣(qi)污染(ran)物(wu)的(de)過濾、凈(jing)化(hua)和防治能(neng)力(li)。
 
3.嚴控化肥、農藥、農膜等農業源頭污染(ran)
 
農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產應合理安排農(nong)藥化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)次(ci)數，提(ti)高利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)、減(jian)少使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量；妥善處理好(hao)農(nong)藥化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廢棄包(bao)裝物，推廣使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高效、低(di)毒、低(di)殘留農(nong)藥和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態有機肥(fei)。加(jia)強(qiang)植物病(bing)蟲害(hai)預警系(xi)(xi)統(tong)防治體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研發和(he)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，推廣測土配方(fang)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)和(he)緩(huan)控(kong)釋肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，做到農(nong)業(ye)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥有據可依。嚴格規范(fan)含重金屬獸(shou)藥、飼料添加(jia)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，減(jian)少畜禽糞便施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地土壤(rang)重金屬污染(ran)。鼓勵農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產者提(ti)高科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥和(he)環(huan)保的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意識，規模化(hua)(hua)開展化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)藥科學(xue)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)培(pei)訓(xun)。
 
在農(nong)膜(mo)使用(yong)(yong)方面(mian)，提高農(nong)業生(sheng)產者對廢舊(jiu)(jiu)農(nong)膜(mo)污染(ran)(ran)長遠性(xing)和嚴重性(xing)的認識，提高廢舊(jiu)(jiu)農(nong)膜(mo)回收意(yi)識和主(zhu)動性(xing)。推廣適(shi)期(qi)揭膜(mo)技術，運用(yong)(yong)農(nong)作物(wu)倒茬輪(lun)作制度，減少(shao)農(nong)膜(mo)使用(yong)(yong)量、提高農(nong)膜(mo)回收利(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)。支持無污染(ran)(ran)可降解(jie)綠色生(sheng)物(wu)地(di)膜(mo)的研發(fa)和推廣使用(yong)(yong)，實行不可降解(jie)農(nong)膜(mo)的減量使用(yong)(yong)，逐步消除農(nong)膜(mo)殘留帶來的農用地土壤重金屬污染。